FPGEE for National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) Practice Exam

What substance do the delta cells of the islets of Langerhans primarily produce?

1. Insulin

2. Somatostatin

3. Glucagon

4. Amylin

The correct answer is: Somatostatin

The delta cells of the islets of Langerhans are primarily responsible for producing somatostatin. Somatostatin plays a crucial role in regulating the endocrine system and maintaining homeostasis. It inhibits the release of several hormones, including insulin and glucagon, thereby helping to modulate the balance between these hormones and control blood sugar levels effectively. This function is critical as it helps prevent the overproduction of insulin and glucagon, which could lead to metabolic disturbances. Insulin is produced by the beta cells, glucagon is produced by the alpha cells, and amylin is also synthesized by beta cells alongside insulin. Each of these substances has a specific role in glucose metabolism, but it is the delta cells that uniquely focus on the synthesis of somatostatin. Understanding the specific functions of these different cell types within the islets of Langerhans is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the endocrine pancreas and its regulation of blood sugars.